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家 Topics A–Z Vaginitis
作者:新西兰汉密尔顿怀卡托医院皮肤科医生阿曼达·奥克利博士,2009年。
阴道炎是描述的术语炎症影响女性的条件vagina。有时被称为阴道粘膜炎。阴道炎可能associated with外阴l条件。
阴道炎可能导致阴道酸痛,瘙痒,释放,,,,竞争,,,,fissuring和流血。通过尿液可能会受伤(排尿症)。It may prevent sexual intercourse (apareunia) or result in painful or uncomfortable sexual intercourse (全疾病困难)。
虽然通常是由于infection,阴道炎可能是由于一个或多个原因。这些包括:
注意细菌阴道病does not cause vaginitis; bacterial vaginosis causes non-inflammatory andmalodorous阴道排出。
月经出血通常会在定期每月间隔几天发生。世间间斑点可能非常正常。但是,既定更年期后的阴道出血可能是严重的,需要调查,因为这可能是一个重要的signof early cervical or endometrial cancer.
阴道干燥是一个普遍的问题,可大大减少妇女的享受性别。It is due to reduced vaginal natural lubrication, and it can also be a sign of vaginitis.
正常的阴道分泌物由粘液腺体in thecervixand vagina, which mix with desquamating cells from the lining of the vagina. During arousal (orgasm), additional musk-smelling fluid is produced by the Bartholin glands at the entrance to vagina to reduce friction caused by penetration of a penis.
Lack of雌激素due tomenopause或婴儿期减少阴道mucus生产。这可能会导致atrophicvaginitis,,,,resulting in postmenopausal dryness, burning and lack of sexual desire (decreased libido).
阴道干燥in绝经前women may be caused by menstrual cycle hormonal fluctuations, pregnancy orSjögrensyndrome。某些药物可能会使正常的阴道液干燥,例如一些口服避孕药,仓库progesterone注射,镇静剂,心脏病,寒冷或过敏药物。
Vaginitis is evaluated by speculum examination of the vagina and cervix, as well as an examination of the abdomen, groin and外阴。在某些情况下,检查anaesthetic(EUA)是必要的,包括宫腔镜检查(对子宫内部的检查)。其他调查可能包括:
湿涂片的显微镜评估上皮cells and patterns of micro-organisms。The results may be difficult to interpret, as bacteria and yeasts may be found in the normal vaginal flora.
Measurement of pH can help determine the likelihood of a particular cause of vaginitis.
高pH(> 5)与细菌阴道病,,,,有氧阴道炎,,,,滴虫病,,,,and non-infectious causes of vaginitis, such as:
正常或酸性pH与candida vulvovaginitis,A组链球菌炎(罕见)和正常微生物组。Symptoms may be due to vulval and external conditions, such as接触过敏or刺激性dermatitis,,,,塞波尔霍尼克dermatitis,,,,and弯曲牛皮癣。
阴道炎的治疗取决于根本原因。它可能包括:
通常,阴道不需要洗涤(浸泡),因为它会定期清洁。用水轻轻清洁外部皮肤。非肥皂清洁剂可能用过了。
性行为之前和期间的水性阴道润滑剂,或每周插入几次阴道保湿剂,可以使性交变得更加容易且不舒服。
Medscape Reference
Vulvovaginal Disorders:用于基本成人诊断和治疗的算法 - ISSVD
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